Galeno y Vesalius y la revolución científica en la circulación sanguínea: historia y epistemología para la educación / Galen and Vesalius and the scientific revolution in blood circulation: History and epistemology for education

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El anfiteatro endovascular / The endovascular amphitheatre

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Current status of cardiovascular surgery in Japan, 2013 and 2014: A report based on the Japan Cardiovascular Surgery Database (JCVSD). 1: Mission and history of JCVSD.

The Japan Cardiovascular Surgery Database (JCVSD) was created in 2000 with the support of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). The STS database content was translated to Japanese using the same disease criteria and in 2001, data entry for adult cardiac surgeries was initiated online using the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN). In 2008, data entry for congenital heart surgeries was initiated in the congenital section of JCVSD and preoperative expected mortality (JapanSCORE) in adult cardiovascular surgeries was first calculated using the risk model of JCVSD. The Japan Surgical Board system merged with JCVSD in 2011, and all cardiovascular surgical data were registered in the JCVSD from 2012 onward. The reports resulting from the data analyses of the JCVSD will encourage further improvements in the quality of cardiovascular surgeries, patient safety, and medical care in Japan.

Los pioneros en el conocimiento y tratamiento de los paragangliomas carotídeos / Pioneers in the knowledge and treatment of carotid paragangliomas

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A Surprising Alliance: Two Giants of the 20th Century.

Alexis Carrel and Charles Lindbergh were among the most famous international figures in the 20th century: Carrel, the surgeon-scientist who won a Nobel prize as a young surgeon, and Lindbergh, the aviator-engineer who pioneered aviation and promoted commercial flight throughout his life. Surprisingly, these two amazing individuals came together to collaborate on the early development of extracorporeal circulation. Their work was interrupted by the onset of World War II, which destroyed one of them and nearly destroyed the other.

Denton A. Cooley, August 22, 1920, to November 18, 2016.

The world lost a medical trailblazer and inspirational humanitarian with the passing of Denton A. Cooley on November 18, 2016. The 28th president of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Cooley was an icon of the astounding progress of cardiovascular medicine in the 20th century and a visionary pioneer who shaped modern surgery.

Arteriovenous Fistula: The Backstory of the Birth of Cardiovascular Surgery.

The foundation for the celebrated operation on patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 1938 was the work on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) during the preceding half century. Galen and Osler wrote about it, and AVF was a major interest of leading surgeons of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, such as William Halsted, Rudolph Matas, Mont Reid, and Emile Holman. Nearly all AVFs of the era developed because of penetrating injury to major vessels. Survivors suffered gradual debilitation and faced death from gangrene or rupture. Development of an operation with a reasonable chance for success came only after the development of the cornerstones of modern surgery: suture, needles, anesthesia, and antiseptic and aseptic surgery. The only durable solution was quadruple ligation, ligation of both the vein and artery above and below the site of the fistula, and a technically demanding operation that risked ischemia and gangrene. Techniques pioneered by Alexis Carrel and Bernard Bertheim allowed strategies of early vascular reconstruction that reestablished normal circulation. Seeing patients with AVF with heart failure, Halsted recognized PDA as a naturally occurring AVF. Other surgeons proposed that ligation of PDA would be lifesaving. The struggles to understand and devise operative strategies to deal with AVF were the first steps toward the spectacular advances in cardiovascular surgery that followed.